Written By Lesallan – September 18, 2023

The Book of Luke (ESV): Book Survey Final

Written By Lesallan – September 18, 2023

Version: ESV

General Materials

            The Book of Luke (ESV) is a remarkable account of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who came to save sinners and establish God’s kingdom on earth. It was written by Luke, a physician, and the companion of the apostle Paul, who also wrote the Book of Acts as a sequel. Luke’s Gospel is unique in its emphasis on Jesus’ compassion for the poor, the outcast, and the marginalized and His teachings on prayer and forgiveness. Luke also gives special attention to the role of women and the Holy Spirit in Jesus’ ministry. The Book of Luke (ESV) is not strictly chronological but arranged thematically to highlight the main themes of repentance, faith, discipleship, and salvation. The Book of Luke (ESV) is rich in historical, geographical, and ideological details that enhance our understanding of Jesus’ life and mission.

            Some of the historical details that Luke provides are the names of the Roman rulers and Jewish leaders at the time of Jesus’ birth and ministry, the census ordered by Caesar Augustus that brought Joseph and Mary to Bethlehem, the events surrounding John the Baptist’s birth and ministry, and the trial of Jesus before Pilate and Herod. Luke also records some historical events that are not found in the other Gospels, such as the appearance of angels to the shepherds at Jesus’ birth, the presentation of Jesus at the temple and His encounter with Simeon and Anna, his visit to Jerusalem at age twelve, His appearance to two disciples on the road to Emmaus after His resurrection, and His Ascension into heaven.

Some of the geographical details that Luke provides are the places where Jesus traveled and taught. Jesus’ ministry began in Galilee, a region in northern Palestine that mostly Jews populated but also some Gentiles. Jesus performed many miracles and taught many parables in Galilee, such as healing a centurion’s servant, calming a storm on the Sea of Galilee, feeding five thousand people with five loaves and two fish, and telling the stories of the good Samaritan and the prodigal son. Jesus also visited other places in Palestine, such as Samaria, a region between Galilee and Judea that most Jews despised because of its mixed population and religion. Jesus broke the social barriers by talking to a Samaritan woman at a well and healing ten people with leprosy, one of whom was a Samaritan. Jesus also traveled to Judea, a region in southern Palestine that was the center of Jewish religious and political life. Jerusalem, the capital of Judea, was where Jesus celebrated several Jewish festivals, such as Passover and Pentecost, confronted the Jewish authorities in the temple, predicted its destruction, was arrested, tried, crucified, buried, and resurrected.

Some of the ideological details that Luke provides are the teachings and ideas that Jesus presented to His followers and opponents. One of the main ideas that Luke emphasizes is that salvation is not just for the Jews but for all people who repent and believe in Jesus. Luke shows how Jesus fulfilled the prophecies of the Old Testament about the Messiah who would bring salvation to Israel and all nations. Luke also shows how Jesus extended His grace and mercy to those considered sinners or unworthy by the Jewish religious leaders, such as tax collectors, prostitutes, Gentiles, Samaritans, women, children, people with leprosy, and demon-possessed people. Luke records many examples of how Jesus welcomed these people into His kingdom, such as calling Levi (Matthew), a tax collector to be His disciple, eating with Zacchaeus a chief tax collector who repented, forgiving a woman who anointed His feet with perfume, healing a woman who had been bleeding for twelve years, raising a widow’s son from death at Nain, blessing children who came to Him, healing a blind beggar named Bartimaeus, casting out demons from a man named Legion at Gerasenes.

 Luke also records many teachings of Jesus that challenge His followers to love God with all their heart, soul, mind, and strength, and to love their neighbors as themselves. Some of these teachings are:

The Sermon on the Plain: A collection of sayings that teach about blessings for those who are poor, hungry, weeping, persecuted for Jesus’ sake; woes for those who are rich, full, laughing, praised by people; love for enemies; forgiveness for those who sin against us; judging others; bearing good fruit; building on a solid foundation. The Lord’s Prayer: A model prayer that teaches us to praise God and ask for His will, provision, forgiveness, and protection. The Parable of the Sower: A story that teaches about the different responses to God’s word and the importance of bearing fruit. The Parable of the Good Samaritan: A story that teaches about who is our neighbor and how to show mercy to them. The Parable of the Rich Fool: A story that teaches about the danger of greed and the need to be rich toward God. The Parable of the Lost Sheep, Coin, and Son: Three stories that teach about God’s joy over finding the lost and His grace for the repentant.

The Parable of the Shrewd Manager: A story that teaches about using worldly wealth wisely and being faithful with what God has given us. The Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus: A story that teaches about the consequences of ignoring the poor and the need to listen to God’s word.

The Parable of the Persistent Widow: A story that teaches about the importance of praying and not giving up. The Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector: A story that teaches about humility and justification before God.

The Book of Luke (ESV) is a beautiful source of information and inspiration for anyone who wants to know more about Jesus Christ, His life, His teachings, His death, His resurrection, and His Ascension. Luke’s Gospel invites us to follow Jesus as He reveals God’s love and grace to everyone. Through Luke’s Gospel, we can learn how to be His disciples who love God and love others as He did.

Major Structural Relationships

Strategically Employed Geographical Markers

One of the significant structural relationships in the Book of Luke (ESV) is the use of setting, particularly geography, to indicate literary divisions, as noted by Bauer and Traina (2014).

Luke primarily employs setting, particularly geography, to signal literary divisions, according to a source. The Book of Luke (ESV) has a clear and coherent structure that helps the reader to follow the main events and themes of Jesus’ life and ministry. One of the significant structural relationships in the Book of Luke (ESV) is the use of setting, particularly geography, to indicate literary divisions, as noted by Bauer and Traina (2014). Luke primarily employs setting, particularly geography, to signal literary divisions. The Book of Luke (ESV) can be divided into five major sections based on geographical markers.

What geographical markers in the Book of Luke (ESV) provide the Book’s major divisions?

The preface (Luke 1:1-4, ESV), where Luke introduces his purpose and sources for writing his Gospel. The birth and preparation of Jesus (Luke 1:5-4:13, ESV), where Luke narrates the events leading up to Jesus’ birth and childhood, as well as His Baptism and temptation in the wilderness. This section covers various locations in Judea and Galilee. The ministry of Jesus in Galilee (Luke 4:14-9:50, ESV), where Luke describes how Jesus performed miracles, healed diseases, cast out demons, taught with authority, called His disciples, and revealed His identity as the Son of God. This section focuses on Jesus’ activities in Galilee and the surrounding regions. The journey of Jesus to Jerusalem (Luke 9:51-19:27, ESV), where Luke records how Jesus taught His disciples and the crowds about various aspects of God’s kingdom, such as love, mercy, justice, faithfulness, and humility. He also confronted the religious leaders who opposed Him and predicted His own suffering, death, and resurrection. This section follows Jesus’ movement from Galilee to Jerusalem. The passion and resurrection of Jesus in Jerusalem (Luke 19:28-24:53, ESV), where Luke depicts how Jesus entered Jerusalem as a king, cleansed the temple, celebrated the Passover with his disciples, was betrayed by Judas, arrested by the Jewish authorities, tried by Pilate and Herod, mocked by the soldiers, crucified by the Romans, buried by Joseph of Arimathea, rose from the dead on the third day, appeared to His disciples and other witnesses, explained the Scriptures to them, commissioned them to be His witnesses to all nations, and ascended into heaven while blessing them. This section concentrates on Jesus’ final events in Jerusalem. These major divisions provide a framework for understanding the overall structure of the Book of Luke (ESV).

Grouping of Related Material into Thematic Sections

Luke groups together related parables, teachings, miracles, or events that share a common theme or topic, known as thematic sections.

In Luke 15 (ESV), Luke groups together three parables about lost things: the lost sheep, the lost coin, and the lost son. These parables illustrate the theme of God’s joy over repentant sinners. In Luke 18:1-30 (ESV), he groups four teachings about prayer, wealth, humility, and discipleship.

What do these themes in the Book of Luke (ESV) illustrate?

These thematic groupings and teachings illustrate the theme of entering God’s Kingdom. In these thematic sections, Luke groups related parables, teachings, miracles, or events that share a common theme or topic. These thematic sections help the reader grasp the main points Luke wants to convey about Jesus and His message. Some examples of thematic sections in Luke are the three parables about lost things in Luke 15 (ESV): the lost sheep (Luke 15:3-7, ESV), the lost coin (Luke 15:8-10, ESV), and the lost son (Luke 15:11-32, ESV). These parables illustrate the theme of God’s joy over repentant sinners. The four teachings about prayer, wealth, humility, and discipleship in Luke 18:1-30 (ESV): the parable of the persistent widow (Luke 18:1-8, ESV), the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector (Luke 18:9-14, ESV), the story of the rich ruler (Luke 18:18-23, ESV), and the saying about rewards for leaving everything for Jesus (Luke 18:24-30, ESV). These teachings illustrate the theme of entering God’s kingdom.

The three miracles that demonstrate Jesus’ power over nature, disease, and death in Luke 8:22-56 (ESV): the calming of the storm (Luke 8:22-25, ESV), the healing of the demon-possessed man (Luke 8:26-39, ESV), and the raising of Jairus’ daughter and the healing of the woman with the issue of blood (Luke 8:40-56, ESV). These miracles illustrate the theme of Jesus’ authority and compassion. These thematic groupings and teachings illustrate the main aspects of Jesus’ life and ministry.

Parallelism or Contrast

Luke sometimes parallels or contrasts two or more scenes or characters with similarities or differences.

            Luke alternates between scenes about John the Baptist and Jesus Christ in Luke 1-2 (ESV). This highlights their similarities as God’s chosen messengers and their differences as the forerunner and the Messiah. Luke contrasts two scenes about loving God and neighbor in Luke 10:25-42 (ESV): the parable of the good Samaritan and the story of Mary and Martha.

What do these scenes reveal to the reader?

            These scenes reveal distinct aspects of what it means to love God and neighbor. Luke sometimes parallels or contrasts two or more scenes or characters with similarities or differences. This technique helps the reader to compare and contrast the different responses or outcomes that result from following or rejecting Jesus. Some examples of parallelism or contrast in Luke are the alternation between scenes about John the Baptist and Jesus Christ in Luke 1-2 (ESV). This highlights their similarities as God’s chosen messengers and their differences as the forerunner and the Messiah. For instance, both John and Jesus have miraculous births announced by angels (Luke 1:5-25, 26-38, ESV), both are circumcised and named according to God’s command (Luke 1:59-66, 2:21, ESV), both grow in wisdom and favor with God and people (Luke 1:80, 2:40, 52, ESV), and prophets recognize both as fulfilling God’s promises (Luke 1:67-79, 2:25-38, ESV).

The contrast between two scenes about loving God and neighbor is in Luke 10:25-42 (ESV): the parable of the good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37, ESV) and the story of Mary and Martha (Luke 10:38-42, ESV). These scenes reveal distinct aspects of what it means to love God and neighbor. The parable of the good Samaritan shows how to love one’s neighbor as oneself by showing mercy to those in need, regardless of their ethnicity or religion. The story of Mary and Martha shows how to love God with all one’s heart, soul, strength, and mind by listening to Jesus’ words and choosing the better part.

The parallel between the two scenes about Jesus’ identity and mission in Luke 9:18-36 (ESV) is Peter’s confession of Jesus as the Christ (Luke 9:18-21, ESV) and the transfiguration of Jesus (Luke 9:28-36, ESV). These scenes reveal different aspects of who Jesus is and what He came to do. Peter’s confession of Jesus as Christ affirms his messianic role as the anointed one of God who will fulfill the prophecies of the Old Testament. The transfiguration of Jesus confirms his divine sonship as the beloved one of God who will accomplish God’s will through His suffering, death, and resurrection. These scenes reveal different facets of Jesus’ identity and mission.

Inclusio Used as a Literary Device

Luke sometimes uses a literary device called inclusio, which means framing a section with similar words or ideas at the beginning and end.

            In Luke 4:16-30 (ESV), Luke frames Jesus’ visit to Nazareth with the words “he went into the synagogue” (Luke 4:16, ESV) and “he went away from them” (Luke 4:30, ESV). This inclusio highlights Jesus’ rejection by His own people. In Luke 24:13-35 (ESV), Luke frames the story of the Emmaus road with the words “their eyes were kept from recognizing him” (Luke 24:16, ESV) and “their eyes were opened” (Luke 24:31, ESV).

What does Luke’s use of inclusio highlight for the reader?

            Luke’s use of this literary device, “inclusio,” highlights Jesus’ revelation of Himself after His resurrection. This literary device is called inclusio, which means framing a section with similar words or ideas at the beginning and end. This device helps the reader identify a section’s boundaries and focus. Some examples of inclusio in Luke are:

            The framing of Jesus’ visit to Nazareth with the words “he went into the synagogue” (Luke 4:16, ESV) and “he went away from them” (Luke 4:30, ESV) in Luke 4:16-30 (ESV). This inclusio highlights Jesus’ rejection by His own people, who did not accept His claim to be the fulfillment of Isaiah’s prophecy about the anointed one who brings good news to the poor, liberty to the captives, recovery of sight to the blind, and the year of the Lord’s favor (Luke 4:18-19, ESV).

The framing of the story of the Emmaus road with the words “their eyes were kept from recognizing him” (Luke 24:16, ESV) and “their eyes were opened” (Luke 24:31, ESV) in Luke 24:13-35 (ESV). This inclusio highlights Jesus’ revelation of Himself after His resurrection, as He explained to them how everything written about Him in the Law of Moses, the Prophets, and the Psalms had to be fulfilled (Luke 24:27, ESV) and broke bread with them. These inclusios highlight essential aspects of Jesus’ life and ministry.

What was Luke’s purpose for his use of these various literary devices?

            Luke uses various structural relationships in his Gospel to organize his material and convey his message. He uses setting, particularly geography, to indicate literary divisions, grouping related material into thematic sections, parallelism, or contrast, and inclusio

as literary devices. These structural relationships help the reader to understand the structure and

the meaning of the Book of Luke (ESV) (Bauer& Traina, 2014).

Outline

1. Introduction (Luke 1:1-4, ESV).

A. The Purpose of Luke’s Gospel (Luke 1:4, ESV): To provide a reliable and orderly account of the things that have been fulfilled among us by Jesus Christ, the Son of God, and the Savior of the world.

B. The Method of Luke’s Gospel (Luke 1:1-3, ESV): To carefully investigate and compile the eyewitness testimonies and the teachings of those who were ministers of the word from the beginning.

1. The Birth and Childhood of Jesus (Luke 1:5-2:52, ESV).
2. The Births of John the Baptist and Jesus (Luke 1:5-2:7, ESV): To show how God fulfilled his promises and prepared the way for His salvation through the miraculous births of John the Baptist, the forerunner of the Messiah, and Jesus Christ, the Son of God and the Son of David.
3. The Childhood of John the Baptist and Jesus (Luke 1:57-80; 2:8-52, ESV): To show how God blessed and protected John the Baptist and Jesus Christ as they grew in wisdom and favor with God and people, and how prophets and angels recognized them as fulfilling God’s plan.
4. The Preparation for Jesus’ Ministry (Luke 3:1-4:13, ESV).
5. The Ministry of John the Baptist (Luke 3:1-22, ESV): To show how John the Baptist preached a message of repentance and Baptism for the forgiveness of sins, and how he prepared the people for the coming of the Lord by pointing to Jesus Christ as the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world.
6. The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus (Luke 3:21-22; Luke 4:1-13, ESV): To show how Jesus Christ was anointed by the Holy Spirit and affirmed by God as his beloved Son at his Baptism, and how He was tested by the devil in the wilderness but resisted him by relying on God’s word.
7. The Ministry of Jesus in Galilee (Luke 4:14-9:50, ESV).
8. The Early Ministry of Jesus in Galilee (Luke 4:14-6:49, ESV): To show how Jesus Christ began his public ministry in Galilee by proclaiming the good news of God’s kingdom, performing miracles, healing diseases, casting out demons, calling His disciples, teaching with authority, and challenging the religious leaders.
9. The Later Ministry of Jesus in Galilee (Luke 7:1-9:50, ESV): To show how Jesus Christ continued His ministry in Galilee by demonstrating His power over nature, death, and sin, revealing His identity as the Son of Man who must suffer and die for others, sending out His disciples to preach and heal, feeding the multitudes, transfiguring before His chosen disciples, and teaching them about faith, prayer, humility, and discipleship.
10. The Journey to Jerusalem (Luke 9:51-19:27, ESV).
11. The Journey Begins (Luke 9:51-62, ESV): To show how Jesus Christ resolutely set out for Jerusalem to accomplish His mission, despite facing opposition from Samaritans and misunderstanding from His disciples.
12. Teachings on the Way to Jerusalem (Luke 10:1-19:27, ESV): To show how Jesus Christ taught His disciples and the crowds about various aspects of God’s kingdom on His way to Jerusalem, such as love for God and neighbor, mercy for those in need, justice for those oppressed, faithfulness to God’s will, and readiness for His return. He also confronted the religious leaders who opposed Him and challenged their hypocrisy and legalism. He also predicted His suffering, death, and resurrection several times, but His disciples did not fully understand him.
13. The Entry into Jerusalem (Luke 19:28-44, ESV): To show how Jesus Christ entered Jerusalem as a king amid the praises of His followers, but also wept over its impending destruction because it did not recognize Him as its peace.
14. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem (Luke 19:28-21:38, ESV).
15. The Cleansing of the Temple (Luke 19:45-48, ESV): To show how Jesus Christ cleansed the temple of the money changers and the merchants and restored it as a house of prayer for all nations, and how He taught daily in the temple, while the religious leaders sought to kill Him.
16. Teachings in the Temple (Luke 20:1-21:38, ESV): To show how Jesus Christ taught in the temple, answering the questions and the challenges of the religious leaders, and exposing their ignorance and their wickedness. He also taught his disciples about the signs of the end times, the destruction of Jerusalem, and the coming of the Son of Man, and urged them to watch and pray.
17. The Arrest, Trial, and Crucifixion of Jesus (Luke 22:1-23:56, ESV).
18. The Arrest and Trial of Jesus (Luke 22:1-23:25, ESV): To show how Jesus Christ was betrayed by Judas, one of His disciples, arrested by the Jewish authorities, tried by Pilate and Herod, the Roman governors, and condemned to death by the Jewish leaders and the people, despite being innocent of any crime.
19. The Crucifixion and Burial of Jesus (Luke 23:26-56, ESV): To show how Jesus Christ was crucified by the Romans between two criminals, mocked by the soldiers and the rulers, forgiven those who mistreated Him, commended his spirit to God, and died as the Savior of the world. He was also buried by Joseph of Arimathea, a member of the Jewish council who did not consent to His death, in a new tomb.
20. The Resurrection and Ascension of Jesus (Luke 24:1-53, ESV).
21. The Resurrection of Jesus (Luke 24:1-12, ESV): To show how Jesus Christ rose from the dead on the third day, as He had predicted, and how His tomb was found empty by some women who followed him, and how they were told by two angels that He was alive.
22. The Appearances of Jesus (Luke 24:13-49, ESV): To show how Jesus Christ appeared to his disciples and other witnesses after his resurrection, such as two men on the road to Emmaus, the eleven apostles in Jerusalem, and more than five hundred brethren at once. He also explained to them how everything written about Him in the Law of Moses, the Prophets, and the Psalms had to be fulfilled, and opened their minds to understand the Scriptures.
23. The Ascension of Jesus (Luke 24:50-53, ESV): To show how Jesus Christ ascended into heaven while blessing His disciples, after commissioning them to be His witnesses to all nations, starting from Jerusalem. He also promised them they would receive power from the Holy Spirit to carry out His mission.

Reportorial Questions

Who?

Who is the author of the Book Luke (ESV)?

The author of the Book of Luke (ESV) is Luke, a Gentile physician and a companion of Paul, the apostle. Luke wrote his Gospel to provide a reliable and orderly account of the things that have been fulfilled among us by Jesus Christ, the Son of God and the world’s Savior. He emphasized God’s salvation for all people, especially the poor and outcasts. His Greek education and medical background are reflected in his writing. Luke was a meticulous historian who verified eyewitness information and arranged it chronologically. He used literary devices to enhance his narrative and emphasized the role of the Holy Spirit in guiding God’s people. Luke’s life and work inspire us to serve God and His people, overcoming cultural barriers to spread hope and salvation. Let us follow his example and share the good news of Jesus Christ with all nations.

Who are the original recipients or audience of the Book of Luke (ESV)?

The Gospel of Luke and Acts were written for a person named Theophilus, who was a prominent Roman official and Luke’s benefactor. Theophilus means “lover of God” or “friend of God” in Greek. Luke addressed his work to him as “most excellent,” a title that implies high social status and respect. Luke intended to support Theophilus’ faith by providing him with a detailed and accurate account of Jesus’ life and ministry, as well as the early history of the church. Luke also had a broader audience in mind, as he wrote for all those who wanted to know more about Jesus and His message. Luke aimed to illuminate why Israel rejected Jesus and how Gentiles were included in God’s plan, clarify Jesus’ teachings about His return, and reassure his readers about the power of earthly authorities.

Who are the main characters or groups in the Book of Luke (ESV)?

            The Book of Luke (ESV) presents the awe-inspiring journey of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who graced the earth with His teachings, healing, and ultimate sacrifice to save humanity through His death and resurrection. Accompanied by his devoted disciples, including Peter, James, John, and Judas Iscariot, Jesus performed miraculous deeds that many people saw. Mary and Joseph played a significant role as Jesus’ earthly parents, while John the Baptist paved the way for Jesus’ ministry. Despite opposition from Pharisees and Sadducees, Jesus remained steadfast in His love for humanity and his desire to fulfill God’s plan for salvation. The Book of Luke (ESV) weaves a complex web of relationships and motivations, inspiring us with the unwavering faith and commitment of Jesus and His disciples to bring hope and salvation to the world.

Who is God revealing Himself to be in the Book of Luke (ESV)?

            The Book of Luke (ESV) clearly portrays God as a loving and compassionate deity who deeply cares for His people. This Book emphasizes His attributes of mercy, grace, and faithfulness. Throughout its pages, we witness God’s mighty acts as He fulfills His promises and provides salvation to His people. God sent His Son, Jesus Christ, to earth to reveal His character and will. Jesus healed those who were sick, performed miracles that demonstrated God’s power, taught people about God’s kingdom that brings peace and justice, forgave those who sinned against Him, died on the cross to pay for our sins, rose from the dead to defeat death, and ascended into heaven to prepare a place for us. In the Book of Luke (ESV), God makes several promises that He keeps faithfully. For example:

An angel appears to Zechariah in Luke 1:13-17 (ESV) and prophesies that his wife Elizabeth will bear a son named John who will be great before the Lord and turn many of the children of Israel to their God. This promise is fulfilled when John the Baptist is born and begins his ministry to prepare the way for Jesus. An angel appears to Mary in Luke 1:26-38 (ESV) and announces that she will conceive and bear a son named Jesus, who will be called the Son of the Most High and the Son of David and reign over the house of Jacob forever. This promise is fulfilled when Mary gives birth to Jesus, the Messiah, and the world’s Savior.

Jesus promises His disciples in Luke 24:47-49 (ESV) that repentance for the forgiveness of sins will be proclaimed in His name to all nations, starting from Jerusalem, and that they will receive power from the Holy Spirit to be His witnesses. This promise is fulfilled in the Book of Acts when the disciples receive the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost and boldly proclaim the Gospel to people of all nations.

Through His actions, God shows that He keeps His promises and always acts on behalf of His people. He reveals Himself to be a faithful and gracious God who loves us and wants us to be with Him.

What?

What is the genre or literary form of the Book of Luke (ESV)?

As per the English Standard Version (ESV), the Gospel of Luke comprises different types of literature, such as narrative history, genealogy, sermons, parables, and prophetic oracles. It falls under the genre of historical narratives, which consists of various sub-genres like epics, histories, and biographies. The Gospel of Luke (ESV) includes other sub-genres such as miracle stories, confrontation stories, healings, teaching, parables, and origin stories. Among all the Gospels, Luke (ESV) is best known for its emphasis on parables, containing nineteen of them. It is the third Gospel among the synoptic Gospels.

What is the main idea or theme of the Book of Luke (ESV)?

            The Book of Luke focuses on Jesus’ perfect humanity and his compassionate nature, making him relatable to everyone. It emphasizes the universal aspects of Christianity and includes Christ’s sermon in Nazareth, which guaranteed spiritual blessings for Gentiles. Luke’s primary goal in composing his Gospel was to provide a precise and accurate account of Christ’s life’s events chronologically. He was a physician with excellent observational skills, which were vital for this task. The outcome was the first component of a two-volume work addressed to Theophilus, with the succeeding part known as the Book of Acts. Luke carefully examined the available materials and supplemented them, as necessary. He did not merely collect information from various sources but made his own contributions by selecting and organizing the materials and providing the necessary interpretation to create a comprehensive and coherent story.

What is the author Luke in his Book (Luke, ESV) trying to communicate or emphasize?

            The Book of Luke (ESV) focuses on Jesus Christ’s perfect humanity. Luke portrays Jesus as a compassionate savior who understands and relates to everyone. He shares the personal story of our Savior and records more of Jesus’ prayers than any other book. Luke’s primary theme highlights the universal nature and appeal of Christianity. He dedicated his Gospel to a Gentile, traced Christ’s ancestry to Adam, and included Christ’s sermon in Nazareth, guaranteeing spiritual blessings for Gentiles. Luke’s Gospel is a remarkable testimony to Christ’s life, written by a skilled physician who carefully selected and organized materials to create a cohesive and complete narrative. His work is the first of a two-volume set, followed by the inspiring Acts.

What are the main events or actions in the Book of Luke (ESV)?

            The Book of Luke (ESV) is a crucial part of the New Testament as it narrates the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. It covers a wide range of significant events, including the birth of John the Baptist (Luke 1, ESV), the birth of Jesus (Luke 2:6, ESV), the boy Jesus at the Temple (Luke 2:41, ESV), John the Baptist’s preparation for Jesus’ coming (Luke 3, ESV), the Baptism of Jesus (Luke 3:21, ESV), and the temptation of Jesus (Matthew 4, Mark 1:12, Luke 4, ESV).

Moreover, it also includes Jesus calling His first disciples (Matthew 4:18, Mark 1:16, Luke 5, ESV), giving instructions on prayer (Luke 11, ESV), ministering in Galilee (Matthew 8, 1st century AD; Mark 2, Luke 4:14, ESV), and demonstrating his authority as Lord of the Sabbath (Matthew,1st Century AD, 12; Mark 3, 1st Century AD; Luke 6, ESV). Additionally, Jesus answered John’s disciples (Matthew, 1st Century AD 11; Luke 7, ESV), spoke many parables (Matthew, 1st Century AD, 13; Mark, 1st Century AD, 4; Luke 8, ESV), healed a demoniac (Matthew 8:28, Mark 5, Luke 8:26, ESV), and fed the 5,000 (Matthew 14:15, Mark 6:30, Luke 9; John 6, ESV).

Peter’s confession of Christ (Matthew 16; Mark 8, Luke 9:18, ESV), the Transfiguration (Matthew 17; Mark 9, Luke 9:28, ESV), Jesus sending out the seventy-two (Luke 10, ESV), Jesus speaking more parables (Luke 12 -16, ESV), and cleansing the ten lepers (Luke 17, ESV) are also covered. The book concludes with the final journey to Jerusalem (Matthew 19, 1st Century AD, 20; Mark 10, 1st Century AD; Luke 18, 1st Century AD, ESV), the Triumphal Entry (Matthew 21, 1st Century AD; Mark 11, 1st Century AD; Luke 19, 1st Century AD; John 12, ESV), closing ministry in Jerusalem (Matthew22–25; Mark12–13; Luke20–21, ESV), Thursday before Passover (Matthew26; Mark14; Luke22; John13, ESV), Jesus’ betrayal, trial, and crucifixion (Matthew 27, 1st Century AD; Mark 15, 1st Century AD; Luke 23, 1st Century AD; John 18–19, ESV), and Jesus’ Resurrection (Matthew28; Mark16; Luke24; John20–21, ESV).

These events provide a comprehensive and informative account of the life and ministry of Jesus Christ. It is a valuable resource for anyone seeking to understand the foundations of the Christian faith.

What are the central doctrines or truths in the Book of Luke (ESV)?

            The Book of Luke (ESV) offers essential truths about the Christian faith. It teaches that the Gospel is for everyone, regardless of their background since Jesus is the promised Savior of God. Moreover, the Book highlights God’s sovereignty over history and how His kingdom is present and accessible to all who seek it. The Holy Spirit’s arrival and presence for believers is also a crucial theme, as it empowers them to live a godly life and be witnesses to Christ. The Book encourages prayer and good stewardship and warns against the dangers of materialism. These truths serve as a foundation for a life pleasing to God and are relevant to all believers today.

When?

When was the Book of Luke (ESV) written?

            Most scholars believe the Book of Luke was written around AD 60-80. It was written after the Gospel of Mark, which it used as one of its sources, along with a hypothetical collection of Jesus’ sayings called Q and some unique material known as L. It was written before the Book of Acts, which is its second volume and continuation. It was written in a historical and cultural context that influenced the Roman Empire, the Jewish religion, and the early Christian movement. The author was a Gentile convert associated with Paul’s missionary journeys. The original audience was also mostly Gentile, as indicated by the genealogy of Jesus that traces back to Adam, the universal scope of God’s salvation, and the explanation of Jewish customs and terms.

When did the events recorded in the Book of Luke (ESV) occur?

            The events recorded in the Book of Luke took place from around 6 BC to AD 30, covering the birth, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. They fit into the timeline of Biblical and world history as follows: Jesus was born during the reign of Caesar Augustus when Herod the Great was king of Judea (Luke 2:1-7, ESV). Jesus grew up in Nazareth, a Galilee town under the rule of Herod Antipas, a son of Herod the Great (Luke 2:39-40; 3:1, ESV). Jesus began his public ministry around AD 26, after being baptized by John the Baptist in the Jordan River (Luke 3:21-23, ESV). Jesus traveled throughout Galilee and Judea, preaching, teaching, healing, and performing miracles for about three years (Luke 4:14-19:27, ESV). Jesus entered the city of Jerusalem around AD 30, during the Passover festival, where He was welcomed by the crowds as the Messiah (Luke 19:28-40, ESV). The only perfect Man was arrested, betrayed by one closest to Him, tried, and crucified by the Jewish and Roman authorities under the governorship of Pontius Pilate (Luke 22:1-23:56, ESV). Jesus rose from the dead on the third day and appeared to his disciples for forty days (Luke 24:1-49, ESV). Jesus ascended to heaven from Bethany, near Jerusalem (Luke 24:50-53, ESV).

When did Jesus say or do certain things in the Book of Luke (ESV)?

            The teachings of Jesus are filled with wisdom and compassion. He shared parables to help us understand the importance of being a good neighbor and caring for those in need. When faced with many people, He showed kindness by performing a miracle and feeding them all. He spoke about God’s love and the importance of following His teachings in the Sermon on the Plain. Even in the face of death, he demonstrated His power by raising Lazarus from the dead. Luke’s writings show us the significance of certain words and phrases, such as the Son of Man, the kingdom of God, salvation, and joy. Each concept reminds us of God’s great love and the importance of living a life that honors Him.

Where?

Where was the Book of Luke (ESV) written?

            The Book of Luke (ESV) was written by Luke, a Gentile physician, and a companion of Paul. He authored the Book around AD 60-80 and was from Rome, where Paul was under house arrest. Luke authored the Book as the first volume of a two-part work, which continued with the Book of Acts. Luke authored the Book for a man named Theophilus, who was a Roman official or a wealthy patron. Luke authored the Book to provide an orderly and accurate account of the life and ministry of Jesus Christ and show how Jesus fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies and expectations of the Messiah. He also authored the Book to emphasize God’s universal salvation for all people, especially the poor, the oppressed, and the outcasts.

Where did the events recorded in the Book of Luke (ESV) occur?

            The events recorded in the Book of Luke (ESV) took place from around 6 BC to AD 30, covering the birth, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. They occurred in various locations across Palestine and beyond, such as Galilee, Judea, Samaria, Perea, Decapolis, Phoenicia, Syria, and many other locations.

Where were Jesus or other characters in the Book of Luke (ESV) when they said or did certain things?

            In the Book of Luke (ESV), the locations where Jesus and other characters said or did certain things often significantly impacted the events that took place. When Jesus was in Bethlehem and according to the Gospel of Luke, Jesus was born in Bethlehem. This fulfilled a prophecy from the Old Testament that the Messiah would be born in Bethlehem (Micah 5:2, ESV). Jesus is next found in Galilee after His Baptism and temptation in the wilderness. Jesus began his public ministry in Galilee (Luke 4:14-15, ESV). Jesus performed many miracles and taught in the synagogues there, gaining a large following.

It was not until after his Baptism and temptation in the wilderness that Jesus began his public ministry in Galilee (Luke 4:14-15, ESV). Jesus performed many miracles and taught in the synagogues there, gaining a large following. The climax of the Book of Luke (ESV) occurs in Jerusalem, where Jesus is arrested, tried, and crucified. Jesus’ death and resurrection in Jerusalem fulfilled many prophecies and profoundly impacted his followers and the world. After his resurrection, while on the road to Emmaus (Luke 24:13-35, ESV), our Lord and Savior Jesus appeared to two of his disciples on the road to Emmaus (Luke 24:13-35, ESV). During this encounter, Jesus explained to them, and He taught them (the Gentiles) how the Scriptures pointed to Him and how He had fulfilled the prophecies concerning the Messiah. This encounter with Jesus strengthened the disciples’ faith and helped them understand who Jesus was more fully.

These are just a few examples of how location played a significant role in the events described in the Book of Luke (ESV). The places where Jesus and other characters said or did certain things often had symbolic or prophetic significance and helped to shape the course of events.

Why?

Why did Luke write the Book of Luke (ESV)?

            Luke’s purpose in writing the Book of Luke (ESV) was to provide an accurate and orderly account of the life and ministry of Jesus Christ. Moreover, he sought to demonstrate how Jesus fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies and expectations of the Messiah. Luke also emphasized the universality of God’s salvation, especially for poor, oppressed, and outcasts. He wrote this Book for Theophilus, a man who was a Roman official or a wealthy patron who wanted to learn more about Christianity. The Book of Luke served as the first volume of Luke’s two-part work, which continued with the Book of Acts.

Why did the events recorded in the Book of Luke (ESV) happen?

            The events chronicled in the Book of Luke (ESV) were not only a part of God’s sovereign plan to reveal his love and grace to humanity through his Son, Jesus Christ, but were also influenced by human choices and actions. Various factors shaped these events, such as faith, sin, culture, and politics. The outcomes of these events varied, with different people and groups experiencing salvation, repentance, joy, peace, forgiveness, healing, restoration, rejection, opposition, and persecution.

Why did Jesus or other characters in the Book of Luke (ESV) say or do certain things?

            In the parable of the rich fool, Jesus wanted to caution His listeners about the dangers of greed and materialism (Luke 12:13-21, ESV). This parable was narrated when someone asked Him to settle a dispute over inheritance (Luke 12:13, ESV). Jesus used this parable to communicate that life is not just about having an abundance of possessions but about being rich in Spirit towards God (Luke 12:15; 21, ESV). When Jesus healed the woman who had been crippled for eighteen years on the Sabbath day (Luke 13:10-17, ESV), He did so out of compassion for her and a desire to set her free from her bondage (Luke 13:12, ESV). Jesus performed this miracle to demonstrate His power and authority as the Lord of the Sabbath (Luke 13:15, ESV). Jesus also did this miracle to expose the hypocrisy and legalism of the synagogue ruler and some Pharisees who criticized Him for breaking their traditions (Luke 13:14; 17, ESV).

The prodigal son told his father, “I have sinned against heaven and before you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son” (Luke 15:21, ESV). He said this after he had wasted his inheritance on reckless living and ended up in a desperate situation (Luke 15:11-16, ESV). He said this because he realized his mistakes and decided to return to his father with a repentant heart (Luke 15:17-20, ESV). He expressed his remorse and humility before his father. The father told his older son, “Son, you are always with me, and all that is mine is yours” (Luke 15:31, ESV). He said this after his older son had complained about his father’s celebration of his younger brother’s return (Luke 15:25-30, ESV). He said this out of his love for his older son and his desire for him to share in the joy of his brother’s restoration (Luke 15:32, ESV). He reminded his older son of his inheritance and their special bond.

How?

How did Luke write the Book of Luke (ESV)?

            Luke meticulously researched and investigated the accounts of those who had witnessed and preached the word of God before writing the Book of Luke (ESV) (Luke 1:1-4, ESV). He drew from various sources such as the Gospel of Mark, a collection of Jesus’ teachings known as Q, and other unique material referred to as L. In addition, he used his personal experience and knowledge gained as a physician and companion of Paul. The Book is characterized by its polished and eloquent Greek style and is written in a mix of historical, biographical, and theological genres.

How did the events recorded in the Book of Luke (ESV) happen according to God’s sovereign plan and providence?

            God used various means and agents to accomplish his purposes, such as angels, prophets, miracles, signs, and wonders. He also used human choices and actions influenced by various factors such as faith, sin, culture, and politics. He also used natural events and circumstances, such as births, deaths, famines, and wars. Jesus or other characters in the Book of Luke (ESV) said or did certain things by using various skills and strategies. For example:

Jesus said the parable of the good Samaritan by using a common storytelling technique that involved a question, a story, and an application (Luke 10:25-37, ESV). He used this technique to engage his listeners’ attention, challenge their assumptions, and teach them a lesson. Jesus did the miracle of healing a woman who had been crippled for eighteen years by using his divine authority and power as the Son of God (Luke 13:10-17, ESV). He (Jesus) used this power to demonstrate His compassion and mercy for the woman and His Lordship over the Sabbath.

In the parable of the “prodigal son,” the son said to his father, “I have sinned against heaven and before you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.” by using a confession of guilt and repentance (Luke 15:21, ESV). He used this confession to express his sorrow and humility before his father and his desire for forgiveness and restoration. The father said to his older son, “Son, you are always with me, and all that is mine is yours.” by using an affirmation of love and inheritance (Luke 15:31, ESV). He used this affirmation to express his love and care for his older son, as well as his invitation for him to join in the joy of his brother’s restoration.

How did Luke in the Book of Luke (ESV) say or do certain things with words and phrases?

            Throughout the Book of Luke (ESV), author Luke frequently employs the word “today” to highlight the significance of events and statements related to Jesus’ identity and mission (Luke 2:11; 4:21; 5:26; 19:9; 23:43, ESV). Luke uses this word to underscore the urgency and importance of God’s action and revelation in history through Jesus Christ. He also invites readers to respond to God’s offer of salvation in Christ with faith and obedience. Additionally, Luke often refers to Jesus as the “Son of Man,” emphasizing his dual nature as both human and divine, as well as his role as the suffering servant who would die and rise again according to God’s plan (Luke 5:24; 9:22; 19:10, ESV). This phrase is most frequently used in the Book’s second half, during Jesus’ journey to Jerusalem, to show that Jesus was fulfilling his mission as the Son of Man, who came to seek and save the lost. Luke also employs the term “salvation” to mean deliverance from sin and its consequences and restoration of God’s favor and fellowship (Luke 1:69; 2:30; 19:9, ESV). This term is used more frequently in the first half of the Book, particularly when narrating the birth and childhood of Jesus. Through this term, Luke demonstrates that Jesus is the source and means of God’s salvation for all people and that he is fulfilling the prophecies and promises of the Old Testament regarding salvation. Finally, Luke uses the word “joy” to express God’s delight over repentant sinners and faithful servants (Luke 15:7; 17:15; 24:52, ESV). This word is frequently used in the middle of the Book, during the narration of Jesus’ parables and teachings, to show that Jesus was revealing God’s heart and character to his people. Luke also invites readers to share this joy and celebrate God’s grace.

Key Verses

            “And the angel said to her, ‘Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. And the Lord God will give to him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end'” (Luke 1:30-33, ESV). This verse announces the miraculous conception and birth of Jesus, the Son of God, and the Messiah. It also affirms his royal lineage from David and his eternal kingship over God’s people.

“For nothing will be impossible with God” (Luke 1:37, ESV). The verse portrays God’s might and dominion over everything while highlighting His competence in delivering His commitments and designs, even if they appear unattainable.

“And the angel said to them, ‘Fear not, for behold, I bring you good news of great joy that will be for all the people. For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Savior, who is Christ the Lord'” (Luke 2:10-11, ESV). The birth of Jesus Christ, the Messiah and Savior of the world, brings good news of great joy to all people, regardless of their ethnicity, status, or condition.

“And when they saw it, they made known the saying that had been told them concerning this child. And all who heard it wondered at what the shepherds told them. But Mary treasured up all these things, pondering them in her heart” (Luke 2:17-19, ESV). This verse shows the response of the shepherds who witnessed the birth of Jesus and heard the angelic proclamation of his glory. They spread the word to others who marveled at their testimony. On the other hand, Mary kept all these things in her heart and meditated on them.

“The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty those who are oppressed, to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor” (Luke 4:18-19, ESV). This powerful verse, taken from Isaiah 61:1-2 (ESV), was spoken by Jesus at the outset of his public ministry in Nazareth. It speaks of his divine calling and purpose as the chosen One of God, sent to bring his salvation and kingdom to those who need His boundless grace and mercy.

“And he said to all, ‘If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me. For whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it. For what does it profit a man if he gains the whole world and loses or forfeits himself?” (Luke 9:23-25, ESV). This verse inspires Jesus’ followers to reflect on the cost of discipleship and wholeheartedly devote themselves to him. It emphasizes that following Jesus requires sacrifice, carrying the cross, and submitting to his will, even if it means risking one’s own life. It also cautions against the emptiness of pursuing material wealth at the expense of one’s eternal soul.

“Just so, I tell you, there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous persons who need no repentance” (Luke 15:7, ESV). In this parable of the lost sheep, we see God’s boundless love and overwhelming joy at the restoration of those who are lost and have repented. It serves as a powerful reminder of God’s different attitude from that of the Pharisees and scribes, who criticized Jesus for spending time with sinners.

“For the Son of Man came to seek and to save the lost” (Luke 19:10, ESV). Jesus’ ultimate purpose was to seek and save the lost, those who are spiritually separated from God. He demonstrated this by warmly welcoming Zacchaeus, a chief tax collector shunned by many.

“And when they came to the place that is called The Skull, there they crucified him, and the criminals, one on his right and one on his left. And Jesus said, ‘Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.’ And they cast lots to divide his garments” (Luke 23:33-34 ESV). This verse describes the crucifixion of Jesus at Golgotha, where he was executed along with two criminals. It also shows his amazing grace and mercy towards those who mocked, tortured, and killed him. He prayed for their forgiveness, even though they did not know what they were doing.

“And Jesus said, ‘Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do'” (Luke 23:34, ESV). This verse shows Jesus’ unwavering compassion and forgiveness towards those who wronged him and his Father. His prayer and attitude during his crucifixion exemplify his teaching on loving one’s enemies and praying for those who persecute you, as recorded in Luke 6:27-28 (ESV).

“And he said to them, ‘Thus it is written, that the Christ should suffer and on the third day rise from the dead, and that repentance for the forgiveness of sins should be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem'” (Luke 24:46-47, ESV). These powerful verses encapsulate Jesus’ teachings to his disciples after his resurrection. They beautifully illustrate how he fulfilled the prophecies in the Scriptures regarding his sacrifice, death, and resurrection. Furthermore, through these teachings, he inspired and empowered his disciples to spread the good news of redemption and forgiveness to all nations, beginning with Jerusalem.

“Then he said to them, ‘These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me in the Law of Moses and the Prophets, and the Psalms must be fulfilled.’ Then he opened their minds to understand the Scriptures, and said to them, ‘Thus it is written, that the Christ should suffer and on the third day rise from the dead, and that repentance for the forgiveness of sins should be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem. You are witnesses of these things'” (Luke 24:44-48 ESV). This verse records Jesus’ final instructions to his disciples after his resurrection. He explained how he fulfilled all the prophecies in the Old Testament concerning his death and resurrection. He also commissioned them to preach the Gospel of repentance and forgiveness in his name to all nations, starting from Jerusalem. He assured them that they were witnesses to these things.

Other Major Impressions

• Luke’s Gospel is a remarkable testimony of God’s love for all people, regardless of their background or ethnicity.
• Luke shows how Jesus came to fulfill the Old Testament prophecies and bring salvation to both Jews and Gentiles.
• Luke also highlights the importance of prayer, especially in Jesus’ life, and the joy of sharing the good news of the kingdom of God.
• Luke is particularly attentive to women’s roles, who are often portrayed as models of faith, generosity, and service. He also cares for the needs of people experiencing poverty, oppression, and marginalization, and shows how Jesus reached out to them with compassion and justice. He also emphasizes the importance of the family and the Holy Spirit, who are both involved in God’s plan of redemption.
• Through his use of parables and praise for God, Luke shows us how we can all be better followers of Christ, by trusting in his grace, obeying his commands, and witnessing to his love.

Summary Note on Major Changes

Major changes were made throughout this book of Luke (ESV) survey, including revision and expansion of the general materials section. The major structural relationships section was also revised and expanded. The outline section of this book survey was expanded with the addition of a few lines of explanation added to each subsection. Some reportorial questions have also been expanded and improved. Key verses found in the book of Luke (ESV) have been added, as well as an improved version of the major impressions.

References:

Bauer, D. R., & Traina, R. A. (2014). Inductive bible study – a comprehensive guide to the practice of hermeneutics. Baker Publishing Group.

Keener, C. S. (2014). The IVP Bible background commentary: New Testament. Intervarsity Press.