Distinct Paths to Justice: Comparing the Juvenile and Adult Justice Systems

Lesallan – August 7, 2024

Distinct Paths to Justice: Comparing the Juvenile and Adult Justice Systems

The juvenile and adult justice systems in the United States serve distinct purposes and operate under different principles, reflecting the varying needs and developmental stages of their respective populations. Understanding these differences is crucial for comprehending the broader objectives of the criminal justice system.

The juvenile justice system is founded on the principle of rehabilitation and reintegration into society, with a focus on providing support and guidance to prevent future delinquency. This approach acknowledges the malleability of juveniles and their potential for positive change (Masters, 2021). In contrast, the adult justice system prioritizes punishment and deterrence, based on the belief that adults are fully responsible for their actions and must face the consequences (Masters, 2021).

The terminology employed in the juvenile justice system varies significantly from that used in the adult system. For example, juveniles are said to commit “delinquent acts” rather than “crimes,” and they are “adjudicated delinquent” instead of being “convicted” (Masters, 2021). This distinction highlights the rehabilitative focus of the juvenile system. Furthermore, juveniles participate in “disposition hearings” instead of “sentencing,” further emphasizing the system’s objective of rehabilitation (Masters, 2021).

Juveniles are granted specific protections that may not always be extended to adults. For instance, juvenile proceedings are usually not open to the public to safeguard the minor’s privacy, while adult trials are typically open to the public (Masters, 2021). Additionally, juveniles have the right to have their records sealed or expunged once they reach adulthood, giving them an opportunity for a fresh start, a privilege not commonly available in the adult justice system (Masters, 2021).

The approach to handling juveniles during sentencing and adjudication differs significantly from that of adults. Juvenile courts prioritize personalized treatment plans that may incorporate therapy, education, and community service to tackle the underlying causes of delinquent behavior (Masters, 2021). Conversely, adult courts typically enforce rigid sentences, such as imprisonment, fines, and probation, with a primary emphasis on retribution and deterrence (Masters, 2021).

The juvenile and adult justice systems are tailored to meet the distinct needs and situations of their specific populations. The juvenile system prioritizes rehabilitation and personalized treatment, based on the belief in the capacity for change and development in young offenders. In contrast, the adult system places emphasis on punishment and deterrence, highlighting the principle of accountability. Recognizing these distinctions is crucial for understanding the broader objectives of the criminal justice system and for ensuring that justice is dispensed in a fair and effective manner.

References:

Masters, R. (2021). CJ: Realities and Challenges. McGraw-Hill Education.